High-pressure steam generator



Feb. 9 1926. 1,572,613 v F.- LOSEL HIGH PRESSURE STEAM GENERATOR Filed August 17, 1923 Patented Feb. 9, 1926.

UNITED STATES 1,572,613 PATENT OFFICE.

FRANZ LfiSEL, OF BRUNN, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

HIGH PRESSURE STEAM GENERATOR.

. Application filed August 17, 1923. sem No. 657,844.-

- steam generating units or systems, including a novel arrangement and combination of a high pressure tubular boiler with a combined hot water and steam accumulator.

High pressure boilers consist usually of a system of tubes disposed in a furnace and drums containing larger quantities of water either also disposed in the furnace or disposed externally thereto and connected with the tube system. The first mentioned arrangement has the disadvantage that the drums disposed in the furnace must have very thick walls as a result of which the heat transference and the heating effect on the body of water or steam inthe drums are much reduced. In consequence of the greatthickness of the walls the temperature differences between the inner surfaces of these drums covered partly by water and partly by steam and the outer surfaces acted-0n by the hot furnace gases are very considerable and the difference between the inner and outer peripheries very great causing very undesirable stresses of the material. In order to avoid accidents due to explosion, such drums must be designed with high factors of safety.

With the drums containing the larger quantities of water arranged outside the furnace and connected in series with the tube system according to prior practice the steam generated in the latter passes into the water containing drums and therefore. when superheaters are not provided, flows in wet condition to the consun' ing device.

The subject of the present invention is 'a high pressure steam generator which, while possessing the advantages of both the systemsmentioned, suffers from none of their disadvantages. The container or drum containing the larger quantities of water is disposed outside' of the furnace chamber of the tube system in which the steam is generated being connected with the main steam .supply from the tube system by a branch line leading therefrom into said container and with another separatesteam supply line leading from the steam space of said container to the main steam supply line and provision is made for heating such water container by means of excess steam from the tube system. The advantages result that the high pressure steam taken from the tube system need not flow through the water container and, in consequence, its quality-is not affected, while the water container may be used as a storage unit for excess quantities of steam.

The drawing illustrates diagrammatically one embodiment of the invention.

As shown, the high pressure steam generator consists of the tube system a heated by the furnace, the water drum or container Z) disposed outside of the furnace and the high pressure superheater d heated by the furnace. The high pressure tube system a may be of any suitable form and the number of water containers b is not limited. 0 is the flue gas economizer heated by the waste or flue gases. 7 is the feed water connection between the economizer e and the water drum 6. g is a steam pipe leading from the tubular steam collector i to the superheater d, and h is a connection from the superheater (l to the consuming device. A pipe j connects with the tube system a and collector i with the container 6, from which latter a connection It leads to the superheater- (Z and a feed water connection m leads to the tube system a. In the connections j, k, g and m are interposed regulating oncut-otf valves n, 0, p, g which may be wholly or partly dispensed with according to 'the inter-connections desired and to the extent of regulation necessary.

The operation of the high pressure steam generator will be clear from the arrows indicating the direction of flow. The feed water flows through the economizer c and through the pipe f to the water container 7) and thence through the pipe at to the tube system a. The steam generated therein flows through the collector z'and pipe 1/ to the high pressure superheater (l and thence through the pipe h to the high pres sure steam consumer "(not shown). The steam generated in the tube system a, and not required by the consumer, flows through the pipe j into the container 6 in which this excess heat is accumulated in feed water, as a resul of which a higher preheating or a superheating of the feed water is effected. From the steam space 1' of the container 6 steam may flow a required through the pipe b and through the superheater d and the pipe h to the consumer, along with the steam generated in the tube system a, or steam may Steambe taken from the container 6 alone. for special purposes or for special working periods may be taken direct from the storage unit I), for example, through a pipe .9.

' By utilizing the water space I) of the high pressure steam generator as a thermal storage unit variations in load on the steam generator and on the whole installatioirmay be balanced and separate high pressure thermal storage units dispensed with. With the arrangement described the time required for starting up the steam generator is considerably reduced and the operation of the generator is simplified by storage of heat in its own feed water. Moreover,

' in some installations the quantities of heat necessary before starting up for heating, cooking and. drying apparatus may be taken from the storage unit so that the uneconomical premature starting up of the steam vgenerator becomes unnecessary.

A further advantage of the .invention resides in the feature that the danger of explosion of one of the larger drums is considerably reduced and in the feature that since the mass of the-Water is external to the furnace the formation and deposit of scale are avoided, the mud settling in the drum and being easily gemoved'by frequent blowing down and draining.

It is understood that the drawing is intended to exhibit merely a schematic or diagrammatic illustration of the applicants novel generating system, the structural details thereof being omitted for convenience in exposition of the invention. For example, it is intended that the regulating means 'n0p;-q shall take any suitable form depending upon the interconnections desired and the regulation necessary for the particular'svstem. The function of the regulating: means 'nr0-p as above indi- 'cated, is In general to efie'et thestorage of the surplus steam in the reservoir 1) and 1n general to'assist the tubular boiler in the supply of peak demands and to absorb and smooth out the fluctuations of. the steam generation in-t-he tube system.- Thejre'gulating means or valve 1 in the main supply line g controls the main steam supply from the tubular boiler and indirectly influences the stora 'eofsteam in the vessel 15, as for example by more or less closing the valve n larger quantities of steam generated in the tube systemmay be caused to be stored through the steam storage line 7' in the vessel b. The regulating means or valve p in the storage line is 'ada ted to by-pass the s p us eam g n at in t e u y tem sure in the feed system a, collector i or the main steam supply 9. The regulating means or valve 0 disposed in the equalizing or steam supply line is leading from the steam space of vessel 6 is adapted to regulate the supply of reservoir steam to the steam supply line h upon peak load demands, as when there is a decrease of pressure in the steam supply line or in the tube system a. The regulating means or valve 9 which is disposed in the hot water supply line m is adapted to regulate the flow of hot water from the vessel b to the tubular system a, and this line is normally open when the connections are such that the tube system a and the storage I) are kept in equilibrium and when the arrangement is such that the feed from said high pressure boiler for supplying high pressure steam directly to consumption apparatus, a combined hot water and surplus steam storage reservoir of comparatively large water and steam accumulator capacity, astorage steam branch line'connected with the main supply line and leading into said reservoir, another separate equalizing and steam supply line leading from the steam space of the reservoir to said main steam line, regulating means for effecting the passage of surplus steam through the storage branch line and storage in said reservoir, including a valve in the steam line which is disposed at apoint between the connections for the storage and equalizing lines, means for supplying feed Water to the reservoir and a hot Water supply line leading from the water space of the reservoir to the water space of the high pressure boiler.

2.- A high pressure steam generator and supply system including a high pressure boiler of comparatively small water capacity, a main steam supply line leading from said boiler for supplying high pressure steam directly to consumption apparatus, a combined hot water and surplus steam storage reservoir of comparatively large water and steam accumulator capacity, a regulating valve in said main supply line, a storage steam branch supply line connected with the main supply line at a point between said regulating valve and the boiler and leading into said reservoir, another separate equalizmg and steam supply hne leading from the steam space of the reservoir to said main supply line at a point on the side of said regulating valve opposite to the connection of the storage branch line, regulating valves in said storage and equalizing lines, means for supplying feed water to the reservoir and a hot water feed line leading from the storage reservoir to the boiler with a regulating valve therein.

3. A high pressure steam generator and supply system including a high pressure tubular boiler of comparatively small water capacity, a steam supply line leading from said tubular boiler for supplying high pressure steam directly to consumption apparatus, a combined hot water and surplus steam storage reservoir which isadapted to smooth out and absorb the fluctuations and irregularities of the steam generation of the tubular boiler so as to supply an even flow of substantially constant pressure steam to said steam supply line, a pressure equalizing line having one section leading directly from the boiler to the reservoir for causing the absorp tion of heat fluctuations in the reservoir and another section leading from the steam space of the reservoir to the steam supplyline at a point removed from the connection of the first named section which leads directly to the boiler, regulating means associated with said equalizing and supply lines, means for feeding water to the reservoir,.and a hot water feed line leading from the water space of the reservoir to the high pressure boiler,

4. A high pressure steam generator and supply system including a high pressure tubular boiler of comparatively small water capacity, a main steam supply line leading from said tubular boiler for supplying high pressure steam directly to consumption apparatus, a combined hot water and surplus steam storage reservoir functioning to smooth out and absorb the fluctuations and irregularities in the steam generation of the tubular boiler so as to supply an even flow of substantially constant pressure steam to said main supply line, a regulating valve in said main supply line, a storage steam branch line with regulating means therein connected with the main supply line at a point between said regulating valve andthe tubular boiler and leading into said reservoir at a point below the water level thereof,

, claim 1 having a superheater interposed in the main steam supply line and a steam collector disposed between the boiler and the steam supply line.

6. A system of the character set forth in claim 1 including a tubular steam collector between the tubular boiler and the main 7 steam supply line.

7.-A high pressure steam generator and supply unit comprising a high pressure tubular boiler of comparatively small water capacity within a furnace, a high pressure combined hot water and surplus steam storage reservoir of comparatively large water and steam accumulator capacity lo:

steam supply line leading from the collector for supplying high pressure boiler steam directly to consumption apparatus, a storage steam branch line leading from said mam steam supply line into said storage reservoir at a point below the water level thereof and another separate steam supply and equalizing line leading from the steam space of said high pressure storage reservoir to said main steam supply line to add storage steam in case of demand to said. main supply line, whereby said high pressure storage reservoir also functions to preheat the feed water to boiler water temperature and to smooth out and absorb, the fluctuations and irregularities of the steam generation of the tubular boiler so as to supply an even flow of substantially constant pressure steam to said main steam supply without affecting the quality of the steam supply from said storage to said main steam supply line and means for controlling the feed water supply to said tubular boiler.

8. In a high pressure steam generating and supply system the combination of a high pressure tubular boiler system of comparatively small water capacity within a furnace and a high ressure combined feed water reservoir an steam generation regulating system including a hot water and surplus steam storage reservoir of comparatively large water and steam accumulator capacity located outside of said boiler furnace and functioning as the feed Water space for said tubular boiler, to preheat the vfeed water for said tubular boiler with surplus boiler steam to substantially boiler water temperature and to absorb the fluctuations and ir regularities in the steam generation of said tubular boiler system, feed water feeding means for 'said combined unit supplying feed water to said storage reservoir and from there to the water space of said tubular boiler, a main steam suppl line leadmg from sald high pressure tu ular boller for supplying high pressure steam directly to consumption apparatus, a storage steam branch line leading from said main steam supply line to said storage'areservoir at a point below the Water level thereof and another separate steam supply and equalizing'line leading from the. steam space of said high pressure storage reservoir to said main steam supply line whereby an eyen fiow of substantially constant pressure steam to said main steam supply line is obtained without afi'ecting the quality of the boiler steam by the water spa of said storage reservoir, a joint superheater for said boiler and storage steam supply interposed in said main steam supply line behind said branch connection lines and a separate independent steam supply line leading directlyfrom the steam space of said storage reservoir without passing throughsaid joint superheater.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

FRANZ LosEL. 

